$floatcFile = "/www/wwwroot/xin_floatAdc.txt"; 六韬(吕望)_第1章 文韬(2 / 2)_六韬最新章节免费阅读无弹窗_新笔趣阁

第1章 文韬(2 / 2)

六韬 吕望 2349 字 2022-12-12

文王问太公曰:“君国主民者,其所以失之者何也?”

太公曰:“不慎所与也。人君有六守、三宝。”

文王曰:“六守何也?”

太公曰::“一曰仁,二曰义,三曰忠,四曰信,五曰勇,六曰谋,是谓六守。”

文王曰:“慎择六守者何?”

太公曰:“富之而观其无犯,贵之而观其骄,付之而观其无转,使之而观其无隐,危之而观其无穷。富之而不犯者,仁也。贵之而不骄者,义也。付之而不转者,忠也。使之而不断隐者,信也。危之而不恐者,勇也。事之而不穷者,谋也。人君无以三宝借人,借人则君失其威。”

文王曰:“敢问三宝?”

太公曰:“大农、大工、大商谓之三宝。农一其乡,则谷足;工一其乡,则器足;商一其乡,则货足。三宝各安其处,民乃不虑。无乱其乡,无乱其族,臣无富于君,都无大于国。六守长,则君昌;三宝完,则国安。”

守土

文王问太公曰:“守土奈何?”

太公曰:“无疏其亲,无怠其众,抚其左右,御其四旁。无借人国柄,借人国柄,则失其权。无掘壑而附丘,无舍本而治末。日中必慧,操刀必割,执斧必伐。日中不彗,是谓失时;操刀不割,失利之期;执斧不伐,贼人将来。涓涓不塞,将为江河。__不救,炎炎奈何;两叶不去,将用斧柯。是故人君从事于富。不富无以为仁,不施无以合亲。疏其亲则害,失其众则败。无借人利器,借人利器,则为人所害,而不终于世。”

文王曰:“何谓仁义?”

太公曰:“敬其众,合其亲。敬其众则和,合其亲则喜,是谓仁义之纪。无使人夺汝威,因其明,顺其常。顺者任之以德,逆者绝之以力。敬之勿疑,天下和服。”

守国

文王问太公曰:“守国奈何?”

太公曰:“斋,将语君天之经,四时所生,仁圣之道,民机之情。”

王即斋七日,北面再拜而问之。

太公曰:“天生四时,地生万物,天下有民,仁圣牧之。故春道生,万物荣;夏道长,万物成;秋道敛,物盈;冬道藏,万物寻。盈则藏,藏则复起,莫知所终,莫知所始,圣人配之,以为天地经纪。故天下治,仁圣藏;天下乱,仁圣昌;至道其然也。圣人之在天地间也,其宝固大矣;因其常而视之,则民安。夫民动而为机,机动而得失争矣。故发之以其阴,会之以其阳,为之先唱,天下和之,极反其常。莫进而争,莫退而让。守国如此,与天地同光。”

上贤

文王问太公曰:“王人者,何上,何下,何取,何去,何禁,何止?”

太公曰:“王人者,上贤,下不肖,取诚信,去诈伪,禁暴乱,止奢侈。故王人者,有六贼七害。”

文王曰:“愿闻其道。”

太公曰:“夫六贼者:一曰,臣有大作宫室池榭,游观倡乐者,伤王之德。二曰,民有不事农桑,任气游侠,犯历法禁,不从吏教者,伤王之化。三曰,臣有结朋党,蔽贤智,障主明者,伤王之权。四曰,士有抗志高节,以为气势,外交诸侯,不重其主者,伤王之威。五曰,臣有轻爵位,贱有司,羞为上犯难者,伤功臣之劳。六曰,强宗侵夺,凌侮贫弱者,伤庶人之业。

“七害者:一曰,无智略权谋,而以重赏尊爵之故,强勇轻战,侥幸于外,王者慎勿使为将。二曰,有名无实,出入异言,掩善扬恶,进退为巧,王者慎勿与谋。三曰,朴其身躬,恶其衣服,语无为以求名,言无欲以求利,此伪人也,王者慎勿近。四曰,奇其冠带,伟其衣服,博闻辩辞,虚论高议,以为容美,穷居静处,而诽时俗,此奸人也,王者慎勿宠。五曰,谗佞苟得,以求官爵,果敢轻死,以贪禄秩,不图大事,得利而动,以高谈虚论,说于人主,王者慎勿使。六曰,为雕文刻镂,技巧华饰,而伤农事,王者必禁之。七曰,伪方异技,巫蛊左道,不祥之言,幻惑良民,王者必止之。

“故民不尽力,非吾民也;士不诚信,非吾士也;臣不忠谏,非吾臣也;吏不平洁爱人,非吾吏也;相不能富国强兵,调和阴阳,以安万乘之主,正群臣,定名实,明赏罚,乐万民,非吾相也。夫王者之道如龙首,高居而远望,深视而审听。示其形,隐其情,若天之高不可极也,若渊之深不可测也。故可怒而不怒,奸臣乃作;可杀而不杀,大贼乃发。兵势不行,敌国乃强。”

文王曰:“善哉。”

举贤

文王问太公曰:“君务举贤而不获其功,世乱愈甚,以致危亡者,何也?”

太公曰:“举贤而不用,是有举贤之名,而无用贤之实也。”

文王曰:“其失安在?”

太公曰:“其失在君好用世俗之所誉,而不得真贤也。”

文王曰:“何如?”

太公曰:“君以世俗之所誉者为贤,以世俗之所毁者为不肖,则多党者进,少党者退。若是,则群邪比周而蔽贤,忠臣死于无罪,奸臣以虚誉取爵位,是以世乱愈甚,则国不免于危亡。”

文王曰:“举贤奈何?”

太公曰:“将相分职,而各以官名举人,按名督实。选才考能,令实当其名,名当其实,则得举贤之道矣。”

赏罚

文王问太公曰:“赏所以存劝,罚所以示惩,吾欲赏一以劝百,罚一以惩众,为之奈何?”

太公曰:“凡用赏者贵信,用罚者贵必。赏信罚必于耳目之所闻见,则所不闻见者莫不阴化矣。夫诚,畅于天地,通于神明,而况于人乎!”

兵道

武王问太公曰:“兵道如何?”

太公曰:“凡兵之道莫过乎一,一者能独往独来。黄帝曰:‘一者阶于道,几于神’。用之在于机,显之在于势,成之在于君。故圣王号兵为凶器,不得已而用之。今商王知存而不知亡,知乐而不知殃,夫存者非存,在于虑亡;乐者非乐,在于虑殃。今王已虑其源,岂忧其流乎!”

武王曰:“两军相遇,彼不可来,此不可往,各设固备,未敢先发,我欲袭之,不得其利,为之奈何?”

太公曰:“外乱而内整,示饥而实饱,内精而外钝,一合一离,一聚一散,阴其谋,密其机,高其垒,伏其锐。士寂若无声,敌不知我所备。欲其西,袭其东。”

武王曰:“敌知我情,通我谋,为之奈何?”太公曰:“兵胜之术,密察敌人之机而速乘其利,复疾击其不意。”

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