第239章 冬季野外生存实验(2)(1 / 2)
蚁的世界
德鲁伊爵士
1057 字
2022-04-20
那么,能够影响到铺道蚁和大头蚁利用太阳能效率的因素到底是什么呢?
主角不由在脑海中对比起这两种蚂蚁的基本情况来。
大头蚁王国的种族是大头蚁,确切说是宽结大头蚁。
宽结大头蚁,属膜翅目蚁科。兵蚁身长约5.2~5.9mm,工蚁身长约3.0~3.5mm,雌蚁身长约7.0~10.0mm。身体的头部和柄后部呈棕褐色,其余地方呈红棕色。喜生活在平原地区的林地、农田中。
而铺道蚁蛮族的种族则是草地铺道蚁。
草地铺道蚁,也属膜翅目蚁科。没有特异的兵蚁,工蚁身长2.6-3.9mm,雌蚁身长约8.0mm。体色通常为黄褐色至黑褐色。该蚁常见于街道边,草地中,田地间等生境中。
两者之间有什么异同呢?
主角分析了一下,这两者生理结构的不同主要体现在体型和体色上。
体型上,宽结大头蚁明显要比草地铺道蚁的个头大。严格意义上来说,兵蚁和工蚁都属于职蚁,以职蚁来比较的话,大头蚁职蚁体长约为3.0-5.9mm,而铺道蚁职蚁为2.6-3.9mm,两者之前相差可达一倍以上。
而如果对比蚁后的话,大头蚁蚁后身长约7.0-10.0mm,铺道蚁蚁后身长约8.0mm,也偏小。雄蚁也是如此。
那么体型对于两者吸收太阳能量有影响吗?
主角倒是知道,越往寒带,同种动物的体型往往就比温带热带的同类要大,比如北极熊大于马来熊、北极狐也大于沙漠狐。但这仅限于恒温动物。
因为恒温动物体型越大,其散热率越低,更容易保持体温。此外,寒带地区恒温动物的食物是有周期性的,每年都有很长时间必须完全靠自身的储备来维持生命。另外体型大主要是因为脂肪多,而脂肪层有助于御寒,比如北极熊厚厚的皮下脂肪就能给内脏保温。
但昆虫这类非恒温动物却正好相反,一般是越往热带地区的昆虫体型越大。因为体型越小越需要阳光给身体提供能量,在寒带地区,体型越小的昆虫越容易“解冻”,而在热带24小时温度都充足,因此可以发育出有着更大体型的昆虫。
那么,是不是由于铺道蚁体型小于大头蚁,所以他们更适应寒冷的气候呢?主角觉得这个猜测有一定道理,但这应该不是决定性的,因为这两种蚂蚁的体型差距实在是不大,也就是毫米级别的,不至于造成其对气候适应性上如此悬殊的差距。
那么还能用来对比的就剩下体色了。
宽结大头蚁体色为红棕色至棕褐色,而以人类的视觉则是总体呈较深的黄色。草地铺道蚁体色为黄褐色至黑褐色,而以人类的视觉视觉则总体呈土黑色。相对而言,草地铺道蚁颜色要比宽结大头蚁更深。
而在相同条件下,相同的物质,如果颜色不相同,那么其在受到热辐射的情况下,在温度和放热方面会有不同的情况发生。黑色物质对热辐射的吸收能力强,温度升高就快,浅色物质对热辐射的吸收能力弱,升温就慢。另外,深色物质受热后分子膨胀,分子之间间隙拉开,停止受热后分子之间距离会逐渐恢复,热量就释放出来,而浅色物质吸收热量少,分子之间距离拉开的小,释放的热量与同等条件下深色物质相比自然就少。
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